Knowing the magnitude of heat damage in the different stages of crop development, in which the yield components are defined, is essential for high grain yields. Heat tolerance for yield and its components in different. Plant physiological processes differ in their response to heat stress from one phenological. Breeding for heat tolerance in wheat biotech articles. This looks and tastes like a classic hefe, but in the mouth the spices and cloves penetrate yet stay balanced. Pdf physiological traits for improving heat tolerance in. Physiological traits for improving heat tolerance in wheat. Sensing heat tolerance from canopy images in wheat and related species. Furthermore, environmental heat radiation has been found by as an important influential of body 6 temperature and heat tolerance. The situation has aggravated due to the drastic and rapid changes in global climate. Tolerance mechanism comprised of molecular chaperones. Heat stress at sensitive growth stages such as flowering and grain filling has been shown to adversely affect grain yield and is common across much of the. Frontiers crop production under drought and heat stress. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of wheat leaf.
Heat tolerance for yield and its components in different wheat cultivars. Burke 2001 reported that seedling heat tolerance is essential in most dryland cotton production areas because producers plant cotton when moisture becomes available. It is very important to understand the physiological, biochemical, and ecological. We previously analysed the genomewide expression profiles of wheat under heatstress conditions and identified a large number of genes responding to heat stress, including ferritin genes. Heat stressresponsive transcriptome analysis in heat. Heat tolerance is a complex phenomenon thus difficult to assess. Mapping qtl for the traits associated with heat tolerance. Germplasm screening for wheat triticum mosaic virus resistance. Abiotic stresses are one of the major constraints to crop production and food security worldwide. Improving abiotic stress tolerance in wheat requires large scale screening of yield components such as seed weight, seed number and single seed weight, all of which is very laborious, and a detailed analysis of seed morphology is timeconsuming and visually often impossible. Red numbers show average growing season temperatures above 18.
The overall success of the complex plant heat stress management depends on the concerted efforts of crop modelers, molecular biologists, and. Physiological traits associated with heat tolerance in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Computed tomography offers the opportunity for much faster and more accurate assessment of yield components. Paul telfer, james edwards, dion bennett and haydn kuchel. Wheat growth can be impaired by heat stress hs1 at any developmental stage, and modeling scenarios predict even warmer temperatures in the. Transitory or constantly high temperatures cause an array of morphoanatomical, physiological and biochemical changes in plants, which affect plant growth and development and may lead to a drastic reduction in economic yield. Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grainfilling. Heat tolerance, heat stress susceptibility index, spring wheat nificant yield reduction. Thell was conducted on 592 accessions of wheat during 201415 at iiwbr, karnal and on sixty genotypes of wheat during 201617 to evaluate genetic variability, character association and genetic divergence for the identification. The current study, therefore, was conducted using analyses of generation mean and variance, and. First released as in heat wheat, i think flying dog should change the label, too. Understanding heat impacts on wheat to breed future tolerance. Different genes can give tolerance for the different stageseffects.
Measurement of heat tolerance parameters different physiological mechanisms may contribute to heat tolerance in the field for example, heat tolerant metabolism as indicated by higher photosynthetic rates, staygreen, and membrane thermostability, or heat avoidance as indicated by canopy temperature depression. This enhanced thermal tolerance, which was associated with differential upregulation of three heatshock protein genes, allowed aphids to occupy higher and. Present genotypes are found to be ideal candidates to be used in developing heat tolerant wheat varieties. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of wheat leaf rust resistance gene. Evaluation of seedling proline content of wheat genotypes in relation to heat tolerance. Frontiers genetic effects conferring heat tolerance in a. Heat tolerance indicators in pakistani wheat triticum. Economic importance and taxonomy of the wheat wheat triticum aestivum l. Heat stress is a rigorous threat, particularly during reproductive and grainfilling phases, that results into yield loss. In addition to the grain yield plant breeders should also include sod, pod, psr and msi as markers in the breeding program for development of heat tolerant wheat cultivars. Managing heat stress in wheat mallee sustainable farming. Assessment of terminal heat tolerance ability of wheat. Twenty one diverse, standard and experimental cultivars of common spring wheat triticum aestivum l.
Assessing genetic variation for heat stress tolerance in. Enhanced heat tolerance of viralinfected aphids leads to. Assessing genetic variation for heat tolerance in synthetic wheat lines using phenotypic data and molecular markers pradeep sharma 1, sindhu sareen2, manoj saini, ajay verma3, bhudev singh tyagi2, indu sharma1,2 1plant biotechnology, directorate of wheat research, karnal 2001, haryana, india. Basics of cold tolerance and winter survival in winter wheat. Maize breeders for whom heat tolerance is a crucial priority trait. Frontiers overexpression of the wheat triticum aestivum. Mamrutha, ratan tiwari, sindhu sareen, shrutkirti bhatia, priyanka siwach, vinod tiwari, and indu sharma. High temperature heat stress during grain filling is a major problem in most of the wheat growing areas. Based on our findings, importing and evaluating heat stress tolerant wheat genotypes under late sown conditions or heat stressed conditions in egypt is required to boost heat stress tolerance in. Seedling length sl was measured to assess response of genotypes to heat stress. Heat stress due to increased temperature is an agricultural problem in many areas in the world.
Overexpression of wheat ferritin gene tafer5b enhances. The molecular changes in response to heat stress are poorly understood. Traits associated with high temperature tolerance can be used to develop heat tolerant cultivars in wheat. Heat tolerance was therefore incorporated into the. Nature of heterosis in grain production by the sorghum panicle. It has tolerance up to 36 c with yield potential of 4045 quintal ha. Effects of heat stress at vegetative and reproductive. This paper reports on three experiments evaluating 49 entries of the th high temperature wheat yield trial htwyt from the international centre for maize and wheat improvement distributed in 2014, with fang 60 as the local check, at two locations.
Heat tolerance was estimated for each variable by the heat susceptibility. Incessant rise in ambient temperature is threatening sustainability of maize productions, worldwide. Potential benefits of drought and heat tolerance for. A qtl on the short arm of wheat triticum aestivum l.
Terminal heat stress is one of the limiting factors in wheat production and it is expected to rise under present scenario of climate change. Work done in heat stress breeding wheat variety golden halna k0424 is a terminal heat tolerant variety developed by wheat breeder dr. Genomic mapping of the quantitative trait loci underlying heat tolerance in the crop. Assessing genetic variation for heat stress tolerance in indian bread wheat genotypes using morphophysiological traits and molecular markers volume 15 issue 6. Preferred hard red winter wheat varieties for kansas 2015. Capturing traits providing heat stress tolerance in wheat using. Breeding heat resilient syntheticshybrids is the most economical tool while lack of knowledge of gene action controlling heat and yield relevant traits in maize is hampering progress in this regard. Heat tolerance in the wheat germplasm, recently developed for adaptation to high temperature, was indicated by longer preheading duration, and the positive correlation between days to heading and grain yield all three experiments. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance of 40 wheat genotypes under terminal heat stress. Heat tolerance evaluation of wheat triticum aestivum l. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. Aa khan, akm shamsuddin, ncd barma, mk alam and ma alam wheat research centre, bangladesh agricultural research institute, gazipur1701, bangladesh accepted.
Drought and heat stress tolerance screening in wheat using. Heat and drought stress are currently the leading threat on worlds food. Focus less on the weird artwork as the point is for normal people to enjoy wheat beers as a summer option. Basics of cold tolerance and winter survival in winter wheat david struthers, winter cereals canada inc. However, little information is known about ferritin gene functions involved in tolerance to heat and other abiotic stresses. This response to heat stress was genotypedependent, with most analyzed metabolites increased in cv primadur high in seed carotenoids, and decreased in cv t3 high in seed anthocyanin.
The heat stress situation is aggravated when soil temperature increases as a. Pdf breeding for heat tolerance in wheat researchgate. Characterization of heat tolerance in wheat cultivars and effects on. Climate change impacts and potential benefits of heat tolerant maize in south asia. Similarly in north india, the soil temperature and wind velocity at sowing time are very high. Milling and bread baking quality rankings pdf file highthroughput phenotyping for wheat breeding and genetics using unmanned aerial vehicles. Developing heat tolerant cultivars has become a principal breeding goal in the southern and central great plain areas of the usa. Thus, evaluation of heat tolerance has been carried out, using physiological adaptation tests involving respiratory rate, heart rate, body temperature and individual heat tolerance coefficient 68.
A total of 499 wheat genotypes were evaluated for heat tolerance by subjecting them to heat stress 35. In greenhousechamber screens, heat tolerance for kw stability was correlated with staygreen. However, there is only one report of metabolic profiling of heat stress tolerance in wheat. Diversity and genetic studies of heat tolerance in wheat. Heat and drought are undoubtedly the two most important stresses having huge impact on growth and productivity of the crops. Wheat triticum aestivum represents about 30% of the worlds cereal area, with over 220 million ha cultivated worldwide, often under abiotic stress.
Improved wheat for heat tolerance and climate resilience agrilinks. Vikas gupta, chandra nath mishra and satish kumar indian institute of wheat and barley research, karnal2001 haryana wheat is the second most important winter cereal after rice. On the other hand, grain yield under heat stress can be improved by selecting genotypes for the rate of grain lling and for grain size. Integration of transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and phenomic approaches in drought tolerance improvement in wheat future progress in breeding for drought tolerance in wheat could be enhanced by integrating transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and phenomic approaches to further unfold droughtresponsive genes and signaling pathways. Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress. Winter wheat has evolved adaptive mechanisms that are. As a cool season crop, wheat has as an optimal daytime growing temperature during reproductive development of 15 c and for every degree celsius above this. Mechanisms of heat tolerance in crop plants request pdf. Climate change impacts and potential benefits of heat. Short periods of heat stress have different impacts on yield and quality components in wheat depending when the stress occurs during development. Effect of coat characteristics on physiological traits and. A phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinaserelated kinase gene, tapepkr2, was identified from our previous heat stressresponsive transcriptome analysis of heat susceptible and tolerant wheat cultivars.
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